Yes, absolutely! Student loans go on your credit report like any other debt. Likewise, failure to pay your student loans on time, student loan defaults, and collection actions will also go on your credit report and can definitely hurt your credit score!
Needless to say, it is crucial that you keep your student loan in good standing since it can come back to haunt you when you try to buy your next car, your first home, or even when you apply for some jobs. If you're experiencing a financial hardship, you should look into an income-sensitive repayment program or a temporary forbearance to help lighten the load.
For the record, your student loans will usually show on your credit report even while you are still in college and still technically in deferment. However, this typically does not have a dramatic effect on your ability to get non-educational loans since many lenders are more interested in your current monthly payment obligations (which is zero while still in school), as opposed to your actual loan balances.